1. Sumario

  • NOTES for "IoT State of Art"

2. Categorias de rede

  • Personal Area Network (PAN)

    • Wireless personal area networks (WPANs)

  • Local Area Network (LAN)

  • Wide Area Network (WAN)

  • Low Power Wide Area (LPWA)

  • Home Area Network (HAN)

  • 802.15.4

  • Power

4. Routing and Mobility

  • TODO

5. Caracteristicas

  • Range (Short rane, Long range)

  • Lagura de banda

  • Taxa de transferencia

  • Data Throughput

6. Wireless Frequency bands

  • Licenciadas

  • Não Licenciadas

    • 2.4 GHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical) frequency bands

    • Sub-1 GHz ISM

      • 433/868/780/915 MHz ISM

Short Range Device (SRD)

ULTRA WIDE BAND (UWB)

7. Cellular IoT

  • Narrowband-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) - 3GPP standards:

  • Long-Term Evolution for Machines (LTE-M) - 3GPP standards:

  • 5G

  • GSM

  • LTE

8. Short-range radio connectivity

  • TODO

8.1. WIFI

  • Short Range

8.2. Zigbee

Zigbee é nome de um conjunto de especificações IEEE 802.15.4

  • Low-power,

  • Low data rate: 250 kbit/s

  • Physical range: 10 to 20 meters (approx)

    • line-of-sight: 10-100 meters

  • Applications: Home energy monitors,

  • Specification Version:

    • Zigbee 2004 Specification (Specification 1.0)

    • Zigbee 2006 Specification

    • Zigbee 2007 Specification (Zigbee PRO

    • Zigbee Smart Energy V2.0 (on top of Zigbee IP

    • Zigbee RF4CE

Zigbee Alliance is supported by

  • Board Members from Comcast, Huawei, The Kroger Co., Landis+Gyr,

  • LEEDARSON, Legrand Group, MMB Networks, NXP Semiconductors,

  • Signify (formerly Philips Lighting), Schneider Electric, Silicon Labs,

  • SmartThings, Somfy, Texas Instruments, and Wulian.

8.2.1. Zigbee Cluster Library (ZCL).

Door Lock Cluster

At the application layer, Zigbee provides a standardized communication protocol through entities called “clusters.” Clusters define what commands a device can send or receive, and what pieces of data or attributes a device cares about. The Door Lock Cluster defines everything from how a door is locked and unlocked to schedules and pin codes for the lock. Thus, at the absolute top of the Zigbee protocol stack, a door lock has a very specific and standardized way that it communicates with the rest of the Zigbee network and the outside world.

8.3. ZWave

  • TODO

8.4. Bluethoot 5

  • TODO

8.5. Thread

OpenThread, an open-source implementation of Thread

Thread is a 6LoWPAN-based protocol mesh networking (Up to 250 devices)

Transport Layer * UDP + DTLS

Network Layer * Distance Vector Routing * IPv6 * 6LoWPAN

Organizations: * Apple, Arm, Google/Nest, Nordic Semiconductors, NXP Semiconductors, OSRAM, Qualcomm, Schneider Electric, Siemens, Silicon Labs, Somfy, and Yale Security.

Products

  • Comcast Xfinity Home Security, Echo Show, Amazon Echo Plus

8.6. Dotdot

Dotdot is based on the Zigbee Cluster Library (ZCL)

The core of the dotdot language is the zigbee interoperability layer, but without the protocol. A layer comprises a protocol, interface, and service (the action that the layer performs). The dotdot language is agnostic to underlying networks and protocol message structure, so it defines only the interface and the action. Hence, it is an interaction model, defining the behavior and interaction between devices.

For each qualified network, a dotdot specification will also standardize or recommend protocols to complete the application layer For example, a dotdot device on a zigbee network uses standard ZCL APS messages (and defines the format). A dotdot device on an IP network uses standard ZCLIP URI messages.

Organization: DSR, MMB Networks, NXP Semiconductors, Silicon Labs, and Ubilogix.

8.7. DASH7

Wireless Data Communication that evole from on ISO/IEC 18000-7

  • 433 MHz ISM band

  • Medium Range

  • 100m to 500m.

  • OSS-7: Dash7 Open Source Stack: Apache License, Version 2.0.

  • ISO/IEC 18000-7 Information technology - Radio frequency identification for item management - Part 7: Parameters for active air interface communications at 433 MHz

  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ead-fFj4fyc

Frequency vs Range

  • 433MHz (Range: 1Km )

  • 868/915MHz (Range: 0.45 Km) - 863-870 MHz (EU) or the 902-928 MHz (US) frequency bands.

  • 2.4 GHz (Range: 0.2 Km)

Tree topology

  • Simple Routing (2 hops)

Topology

  • Gateway

  • Subcontroller

  • Endpoint

Features

  • Mid to Long range

  • Low Power

  • hardwre provider independent

  • Mobile

  • Ful stack spcification

  • Dynamic pull/push

  • Low power wakeup

  • Light: packet size limited to 256bytes

Hardware

Use Case

  • Wizzilab (france, Parking guidance and information)

  • Matrix product Development (EUA, sensor measure for food industry,

  • university Antwerpen (bird track System: sensor with 1g, bird with 20g)

  • Belivium (Stralo, Museum location content based on beacon)

8.8. Wireless M-BUS

A radio variant of M-Bus (Wireless M-Bus) is also specified in EN 13757-4. The M-Bus was developed to fill the need for a system for the networking and remote reading of utility meters, for example to measure the consumption of gas or water in the home.

Wireless M-Bus is the European standard for wireless meter communication with gas, electric, water and heat meters (EN 13757).

The Silicon Labs wireless M-Bus software and stack provide: Fully compliant wireless M-Bus protocol stack. Worldwide wireless M-Bus support with modes and configurations 868 MHz modes S1, S1-m, S2, T1, T2, C1, C2.

8.9. RFID

  • TODO

9. 6LoWPAN

6LoWPAN (Ipv6 Over Low Power Area Network) is defined in RFC 4944.

10. Dotdot Specification

  • TODO

11. KNX IoT

12. LPWA

  • TODO

12.1. SIGFOX

  • began in 2009

  • Long Range

12.2. LoRa (Long Range)

What is LoRa
LoRa is the physical (PHY) silicon layer, or wireless modulation, used to create the long range communication link

LoRaWAN refers to a network protocol with LoRa chips for communication.
It is based on the base station, which can monitor 8 frequencies with several spreading factors and almost 43 channels.

  • ISM band (Europe) and SRD band

    • 433.05 MHz to 434.79 MHz

    • 863 MHz to 870 MHz.

  • Up to 55 kilometers

12.3. NB-IoT (NBIoT)

  • 20 dB coverage enhancement,

  • 100,000 connections in each cell,

  • terminal batteries with a 10-year service lifespan

13. EC-GSM

  • TODO

13.1. LTE Cat-M1

  • 1.4 Frontend(vs. 20 MHz) + 1 Antena (Expensive Chipset)

  • 1 Mbps Half-Duplex

  • Power Safe: Power Saving Mode(PSM), Extended Discontinuous Reception (eDRx)

  • Costs

    • Modules: $15

    • Data: $1-$3/Month

  • LTE-M Sensor Suite (LinkLabs)

    • PTCRB and VZN Certified communication board

    • Open Source Atmel L21 project for user Application

    • Open source power/sensor board

14. LTE-M

  • TODO

15. WeMo

  • TODO

16. long-range Bluetooth

Data Throughput

  • 6 lane

17. Standard

  • OMA Lightweight M2M 1.1 (LwM2M 1.1)

18. Organismos de Padronização

  • 3GPP

  • GSMA

19. Security

20. Temas

  • SmartThings hubs

  • Home Energy Management System (HEMS)

21. Inteligent Transport System (ITS)

  • ITS G5 (802.11p)

  • V2X

22. Projetos

  • Google Lighthouse 3.0 (JSON, Node)

23. 6LoWPAN

23.1. ROLL RPL "Ripple"

  • Proactive Distance Vector

  • Low-Power and Lossy Network (LLN)

23.2. IEFT

  • 6LoWPAN

  • ROLL

  • IPv6

23.3. IEEE 802.15.4

  • IEEE 802.15.4 MAC

  • IPv6/6LoWPAN

  • ZigBee Radio Frequency for Consumer Electronics (RF4CE)

  • ZigBee Smart Energy

  • ZigBee® PRO

24. ZigBee Protocol

  • ZigBee LightLink (ZLL)

  • ZigBee Home Automation (ZHA)

  • ZigBee Smart Energy (ZSE)

  • ZigBee Building Automation (ZBA),

  • ZigBee Remote Control (ZRC).

25. SmartConnect 6LoWPAN

  • TODO

26. Hardware

  • SAMR21-XPRO

Serial Remote Procedure Call

27. Z-Wave

  • Propetary

  • Only one manufacture

28. Aplication Protocol

  • Firewall

  • Compression

  • Lossy links

  • Frame-size, Bandwith Limitation

  • Multicast (Expensive

  • Application Securty

  • Mobility

  • Node Ientification

  • Sleep Cycle

29. Aplication Protocol

  • Dotdot 1.0 specification

    • Dotdot over Thread

  • RTP

  • HTTP (Webservice: SOAP, REST)

    • 6lowapp.net (

  • CoAP (from: Constraint Rest Enviroment working group)

  • Protocol X From : Open Connectivity Foundation (OCF) merged with AllSeen Alliance

30. Other Application Protocols

Service Discovery

  • Service Location Protocol (SLP)

  • Device Profile Web Service (DPWS)

Management

  • Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

  • LWM2M

M2M Telemetry

  • MQ Telemetry Transport for Swnsors (MQTT-S)

Build Automation (Specilize industry protocol)

  • BACnet/IP

  • oBIX

Energy Industry (Specilize industry protocol)

  • ANSI c12

  • Device Language Message Specification (DLMS)

  • ZipBee Smart Energy 2.0

Home

  • ECHONET Lite

31. ECHONET Lite

  • HEMS (Home Energy Management System)

32. Devices Profile for Web Services (DPWS)

  • TODO

33. Web Services for Devices (WS4D)

  • WS4D.org

Web Services for Devices (WS4D) is an initiative bringing Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Web services technology to the application domains of industrial automation, home entertainment, automotive systems and telecommunication systems.

34. SOA for Devices (SOA4D)

  • SOA4D.org

  • DPWS stack (both C and Java versions)

  • add-ons (like WS-Management and WS-Security implementations)

35. Service Oriented Device and Delivery Architecture (SODA)

  • TODO

36. WS-DD Specifications

OASIS Web Services Discovery (WS-DD) and Web Services Devices Profile DPWS

  • Devices Profile for Web Services (DPWS) 1.1

  • SOAP-over-UDP 1.1

  • Web Services Dynamic Discovery (WS-Discovery) 1.1

WS-I Basic Profile Version 1.1 specification WS-I Basic Profile 2.0 specification

37. Protocols

  • UPnP - Universal Plug and Play

  • SSDP - Simple Service Discovery Protocol

  • SCPD - Service Control Protocol Definition

  • SOAP - Simple Object Acess Protocol

  • DLNA -

38. Universal Plug and Play (UPnP)

UPnP-arch-DeviceArchitecture-v1-0

About

  • UDP/1900

    • HTTP over UDP allowing devices to discovery each other

    • Multicast 2.39.255.255.250

  • UPnP Stack

    • Discovery - Advertising and Searching

    • Description - An XML file describing the device

    • Control - Call and action or query for value

    • Eventing - User for announcing state changes

    • Presentation - UI…​Web page or management portal

39. Multicast Doman Name System (mDNS) - (bonjour)

  • TODO

40. DNS Service-Discovery(DNS-SD)

  • TODO

41. DLNA

  • Linux dLeyna

42. Reference

43. PicoGW

An open source device server, distributed by Kanagawa institute of technology It converts various devices specific protocols to webapi A minimalist’s housing Web API gateway that supports ECHONET Lite (works on node.js) based on Housing API by Daiwa House Industry(http://www.daiwahouse.co.jp/lab/HousingAPI/)

https://github.com/KAIT-HEMS/PicoGW

44. IEEE 802.11

45. Network Security

  • TLS - required for encrypting information in TCP/IP communication

  • IPSec - for communication encrypted with IP layer.

  • PANA

  • DTLS

46. Thinking Things protocol

  • Developed by: telfonica

  • Closed protocol

47. ECHONET Lite Application Communication Interface (AIF) Specifications

  • protocol for HEMS (Home Energy Management System)

  • https://www.meti.go.jp/english/press/2019/0206_002.html

  • As international standards for this technology

    • ISO/IEC14543-4-3 - Information technology — Home electronic systems (HES) architecture — Part 3-10: Wireless short-packet (WSP) protocol optimized for energy harvesting — Architecture and lower layer protocols

    • IEC62394

48. Reference

  • sensei-project.eu